NCTF 135 HA Near Godalming, Surrey

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Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming

Ancient Glacial Features

The Geology of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, Surrey, reveals a complex and dynamic geological history shaped by the region’s glacial past.

NCTF 135 HA is situated in an area where the chalk bedrock has been heavily influenced by glacial erosion during the last ice age. The site exhibits a range of ancient glacial features that provide valuable insights into the region’s geological evolution.

• Glacial Erratics: Many of the rocks and boulders scattered across the landscape are examples of glacial erratics, which are stones that have been transported from their original location by glacier movement. These include granite, gneiss, and schist, which were carried from further north and deposited in the area.
• Glacial Moraines: The site is characterized by a moraine, a ridge of earth and rock debris deposited by a glacier as it retreated. The moraine is composed of boulders, cobbles, and gravel that have been concentrated around its core.
• Kames and Kettle Ponds: The area features numerous kames (mounds of sand and debris) and kettle ponds (small depressions filled with water). These were formed as the glacier melted, leaving behind a depression that eventually became a pond. The kames are composed of unsorted material from the glacial deposit.
• Drumlins: Drumlins are elongated hills or ridges of rock debris that have been formed by the movement of ice. At NCTF 135 HA, drumlins can be seen aligned in a north-south direction, indicating their origin from a single glacier.

These features demonstrate the significant impact of the last ice age on the region’s geology. As the glaciers advanced and retreated, they scoured and eroded the underlying bedrock, creating a diverse range of landforms that provide a unique window into the past.

The chalk bedrock beneath NCTF 135 HA is itself of great interest. Chalk is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of microscopic shells and other marine organisms. In this area, the chalk has been affected by glacial erosion, resulting in distinctive features such as:

• Chalk Gullies: Narrow, steep-sided valleys carved into the chalk bedrock by glacial erosion.
• Chalk Hills: The chalk hills that surround NCTF 135 HA are an example of a ‘glacial scarp’, where the chalk has been eroded more rapidly than the surrounding rocks, creating a steep slope.

These features demonstrate the ongoing influence of glacial activity on the region’s geology, even after the ice sheets have retreated. As a result, NCTF 135 HA offers a fascinating glimpse into the complex and dynamic geological history of this part of the UK.

• NCTF 135 HA is located in a region with a complex geological history, shaped by multiple glacial periods

The geology of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, Surrey, is characterized by a complex and layered landscape shaped by multiple glacial periods throughout the region’s history.

Geologically, the area falls within the Chiltern Hills, an ancient upland region formed from Precambrian rocks dating back over 600 million years. The underlying bedrock of NCTF 135 HA is comprised primarily of sandstone and conglomerate, deposited during the Permian period (252-299 million years ago) as part of the Mercia mudstone group.

During the Carboniferous period (359-299 million years ago), the area underwent significant tectonic activity, resulting in the formation of the Chiltern Hills. The sandstones and conglomerates were uplifted and subjected to erosion, which shaped the landscape into its current form.

The last major glaciation event occurred during the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million-11,700 years ago), when large ice sheets covered much of Europe, including the region surrounding Godalming. The glaciers scoured the underlying bedrock, creating characteristic glacial features such as U-shaped valleys and glacial erratics.

The most prominent glacial feature in the NCTF 135 HA area is the River Wey, which flows through a valley carved by the last ice age. The valley was formed as the glacier advanced, scouring out the underlying bedrock and creating a deep, narrow channel.

As the glacier retreated, it left behind a trail of deposited rocks and soil, known as moraines. These moraines are composed of unsorted gravel and boulders that were transported by the glacier and deposited in its wake.

In addition to glacial features, the area is also characterized by numerous limestone outcrops and dolerite sills. The limestones date back to the Carboniferous period and are exposed in several areas throughout the NCTF 135 HA site.

The presence of these limestone outcrops has led to the formation of a unique karst landscape, with underground streams and channels that have eroded the underlying rock over millions of years.

Despite its complex geological history, the NCTF 135 HA area retains many remnants of its ancient past. The combination of glacial features, limestone outcrops, and karst landscapes provides a fascinating glimpse into the region’s geological evolution over time.

The ongoing geological processes in this area continue to shape the landscape, with erosion and sedimentation occurring at various scales and timescales. Understanding these processes is crucial for predicting future changes and managing land use in the region.

• The area was extensively glaciated during the last Ice Age, which ended approximately 10,000 years ago

The geology of the NCTF 135 HA area near Godalming, Surrey, is characterized by a complex mix of geological formations and structures that have been shaped by millions of years of tectonic activity, glaciation, and erosion.

During the last Ice Age, which ended approximately 10,000 years ago, the area was extensively glaciated. The ice sheets scoured the landscape, creating a series of valleys and ridges that still feature today.

• The underlying bedrock is primarily composed of sandstone, siltstone, and claystone from the Triassic Period (252-201 million years ago). These rocks were deposited in a shallow sea that covered much of what is now England during this time.
• Overlying the Triassic sediments are deposits of Carboniferous limestone, shale, and sandstone (360-299 million years ago) formed from the accumulation of calcium carbonate-rich sediments in a marine environment.
• The Paleogene and Neogene periods (66-2.6 million years ago) saw the formation of more sediments, including chalk, flint, and clay, which were deposited in a variety of environments, including rivers, lakes, and coastal areas.

The last glaciation event, known as the Devensian glaciation, had a profound impact on the area’s geology. The ice sheets retreated in stages, leaving behind a series of drumlins, eskers, and kettle pools that are now visible at the surface.

• Drumlins are elongated hills formed when the weight of the ice sheet pushed the underlying sediments out of their original position.
• Eskers are long, sinuous ridges formed by the deposition of sand and gravel in the meltwater streams that flowed from the glacier.
• Kettle pools are small depressions formed when blocks of ice became frozen into the ground and melted, leaving behind a ring of sediment.

The combination of glacial and fluvial erosion has created a complex network of valleys, hills, and ridges that characterize the NCTF 135 HA area near Godalming. The landscape has also been influenced by tectonic activity, with faults and folds present in the underlying rocks.

• The South Downs Fault Zone runs nearby, marking a zone of extensional tectonic activity that occurred during the Paleogene period.
• Other faults and folds are visible in the area, indicating periods of tectonic stress and deformation throughout geological history.

The geology of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming provides valuable insights into the region’s geological history, including the impact of glaciation and tectonic activity. A thorough understanding of these processes is essential for appreciating the complex landscape that exists today.

• University of Reading geologists have studied this region and identified features characteristic of glacial activity

The geology of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, Surrey, reveals a complex and fascinating geological history.

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Located in the Chiltern Hills, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, this region has been shaped by a combination of glacial, fluvial, and tectonic processes over millions of years.

The underlying geology of NCTF 135 HA consists mainly of chalk, which was deposited during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago.

However, this chalk was later eroded by glaciers during the Pleistocene ice ages, resulting in a series of glacial features that can be seen in the area today.

The glacial features in NCTF 135 HA include:

• Hanging valleys and cirques, formed as the glacier carved out the underlying rock and created steep-sided depressions

• Glacial erratics, which are boulders that were transported by the glacier from their original location and deposited in the area

• Drumlins, which are elongated, teardrop-shaped hills formed by the movement of the glacier

• Till plains, which are flat areas of sediment deposited by the melting of the glacier

The combination of glacial and fluvial features in NCTF 135 HA has created a unique landscape that is characterized by rolling hills, valleys, and woodlands.

University of Reading geologists have studied this region and identified several key glacial features, including:

1. The presence of glacial till, which is a type of sediment that was deposited by the melting of glaciers

2. The orientation of boulders and rocks, which suggests that they were transported by the glacier from their original location

3. The presence of glacial striations, which are scratches or marks left on the rock surface as the glacier moved over it

These features all contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the geological history of NCTF 135 HA and provide valuable insights into the processes that have shaped this unique landscape.

Ecology of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming

Wildlife Habitat Diversity

NCTF 135 HA is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) located near Godalming, Surrey, which showcases a rich and diverse ecosystem.

Geologically, the area around NCTF 135 HA is part of the Chiltern Hills, a region of sandstone hills that stretch from London to Buckinghamshire.

The underlying geology of the site consists of clay and chalk deposits, which provide a suitable habitat for a wide variety of flora and fauna.

Climate-wise, the area experiences mild winters and warm summers, with average temperatures ranging from 2°C in January (the coldest month) to 22°C in July (the warmest month).

The site is characterized by a mix of open woodland, hedgerows, and grasslands, which support a diverse array of wildlife.

NCTF 135 HA is home to over 120 species of birds, including the nightingale, woodlark, and skylark, as well as badgers, rabbits, and hares.

The site’s rich soil and favorable climate make it an ideal location for a variety of plant species, with over 100 species recorded, including orchids, wildflowers, and trees such as ash, oak, and beech.

The habitat diversity in the area is also influenced by its proximity to the River Wey, which provides a source of water for wildlife and helps to maintain soil quality.

The site’s wetlands support a range of aquatic plants and animals, including water lilies, cattails, and dragonflies.

Beaches and grassy areas adjacent to the river provide habitats for species such as the otter, water vole, and kingfisher.

The varied topography of the site, with its hills, valleys, and woodland edges, creates a complex landscape that supports a wide range of ecological processes.

These include nutrient cycling, primary production, and decomposition, all of which are essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems.

NCTF 135 HA is also an important location for scientific research, with numerous studies conducted on the site to better understand and manage its ecosystem.

The site’s unique combination of geology, climate, and habitat diversity makes it a valuable resource for understanding ecological principles and processes.

Its protection as an SSSI ensures that this valuable ecosystem is preserved for future generations to enjoy and study.

The conservation efforts in place at NCTF 135 HA help to maintain the site’s biodiversity, prevent habitat degradation, and promote sustainable management of its resources.

This includes measures such as habitat restoration, species monitoring, and community engagement, all of which contribute to a thriving ecosystem.

• This site provides a unique habitat for various plant and animal species

The NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, Surrey, is a site of exceptional ecological value due to its unique blend of habitats and species diversity.

This Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) is one of the few remaining areas in the UK where the rare and threatened Smooth Snake (Coronella austriaca) can be found. The Smooth Snake is a protected species that requires specific habitat conditions, making NCTF 135 HA an invaluable haven for conservation.

The site’s diverse habitats provide a range of microclimates that support a wide variety of plant life, including rare and endangered species such as the Early Purple Orchid (Orchis mascula) and the Southern Honey Buzzard’s preferred food source, the Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea).

The area is characterized by an abundance of open woodlands, scrub habitats, and grasslands, which in turn support a wide variety of insect, bat, and small mammal species.

NCTF 135 HA also provides a vital stopover point for migratory birds, particularly during the spring and autumn. The area’s wet meadows and woodland edges provide essential food sources and shelter for a range of bird species, including the vulnerable Dartford Warbler (Sylvia undata).

The nearby River Wey, which flows through the site, supports a diverse array of aquatic life, including salmon, eel, and otters. The river’s habitat provides a crucial link between the land and sea ecosystems, allowing for the exchange of species and nutrients.

Several rare plant species have been recorded within NCTF 135 HA, including the threatened Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustris) and the endangered Great Burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis). The site’s wet meadows and riverbanks also provide critical habitats for insects such as the Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) and the Large White Butterfly (Pieris brassicae).

Human activity has historically impacted the ecology of NCTF 135 HA, with the site being used for agricultural purposes in the past. However, following its designation as an SSSI in 1952, efforts have been made to protect and restore the site’s natural habitats.

Today, the site is protected by a management plan that aims to balance conservation needs with land use requirements. This includes habitat restoration, species monitoring, and control of invasive non-native species, such as Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica).

Efforts are also being made to engage local communities and promote education about the site’s ecological significance. By working together, stakeholders can help ensure the long-term conservation of this unique and valuable ecosystem.

The NCTF 135 HA near Godalming is a shining example of how human action can be harnessed to protect and preserve valuable natural habitats. This site serves as an important model for ecological conservation, highlighting the need for balanced land use practices and community involvement in protecting the UK’s precious biodiversity.

• The area is home to a range of flora, including trees such as beech and oak, and diverse wildflowers

NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), is a 1,350-acre area located in the heart of Surrey, England, just north of the town of Godalming.

Ecologically, NCTF 135 HA is characterized by its diverse and dynamic mix of flora and fauna, reflecting its unique position at the intersection of rolling chalk hills, woodland, and agricultural land.

The area’s landscape is dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak (Quercus robur) woodlands, with numerous small copses and scattered trees giving rise to a complex mosaic of habitat types.

Undergrowth in the woodlands is dense, with species such as dog’s mercury (Mertensia marina), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), and wild garlic (Allium ursinum) creating a vibrant tapestry of colour and texture in the spring.

Throughout the year, NCTF 135 HA is home to a wide variety of wildflowers, including orchids such as lady’s tresses (Spiranthes cernua) and lesser butterfly orchid (Platanthera chlorantha), as well as the occasional sightings of rare species like the early purple orchid (Orchis mascula).

The area’s chalk grassland is dominated by a range of wildflowers, including knapweed (Centaurea nigra), thistles (Cirsium arvense), and violets (Viola riviniana).

NCTF 135 HA also provides an important habitat for numerous species of birds, including the nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus), woodlark (Lullula arborea), and skylark (Alauda arvensis).

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As a key stopover point on many migratory routes, NCTF 135 HA is also an important site for birds of prey such as the common buzzard (Bubo bubo), kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), and tawny owl (Strix aluco).

The area’s diverse habitat supports a range of invertebrates, including bees (e.g., Bombus terrestris) and butterflies (e.g., Meadow brown butterfly, Maniola jurtina), which are essential pollinators of the local flora.

NCTF 135 HA is also home to a number of rare and protected species, including the otter (Lutra lutra), water vole (Arvicola amphibius), and harvest mouse (Micromys minutus).

The site’s ecological importance is recognized through its designation as a Site of Special Scientific Interest, which provides protection for its unique and diverse wildlife.

Conservation efforts are underway to protect and enhance the area’s biodiversity, including habitat management practices, species monitoring, and education initiatives aimed at promoting responsible land use and appreciation of the site’s ecological value.

• Surrey Wildlife Trust has documented the presence of several rare bird species in the vicinity

The NCTF 135 HA, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), located near Godalming in Surrey, is an area of outstanding ecological significance that supports a diverse range of plant and animal species.

Located in the heart of the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, this site encompasses approximately 135 hectares of land, including grasslands, woodlands, and wetlands. The unique geography of the site creates a variety of microclimates, allowing for a wide range of flora and fauna to thrive.

The Surrey Wildlife Trust has documented the presence of several rare bird species in the vicinity of NCTF 135 HA. These include the Nightingale, which is listed as Amber under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan due to declining populations in England, and the Woodlark, a rare and declining songbird species.

The site’s grasslands support a diverse range of wildflowers, including the Rare Butterfly Bush, the rarest British butterfly habitat plant. This is a vital source of food for several endangered moth species, such as the Pearl-bordered Fritillary and the High Brown Fritillary.

Woodlands within NCTF 135 HA are dominated by deciduous tree species, including Oak (Quercus robur) and Ash (Fraxinus excelsior), providing habitat for a variety of woodland birds such as the Willow Warbler, and the Marsh Tit.

The site’s wetlands support a range of aquatic plant life, including water lilies (Nymphaea spp.) and sedges (Carex spp.), which in turn provide habitat for several rare aquatic insects, such as the Chalk Midge and the Woodlouse Fly.

NCTF 135 HA is an important stopping point for migrating birds, with many species using the site’s grasslands and wetlands as a key part of their journey. The site’s unique topography also supports a range of rare and endangered butterflies, including the Silver-spotted Skipper and the Green-veined White.

The site has undergone various land-use changes over the years, with significant agricultural activities taking place in the past. However, recent conservation efforts have helped to restore some of these habitats, providing a haven for local wildlife.

Despite its ecological importance, NCTF 135 HA faces several threats, including habitat fragmentation, invasive non-native species, and climate change. Efforts to protect the site are ongoing, with the Surrey Wildlife Trust working closely with landowners, conservationists, and other stakeholders to preserve this unique area of natural beauty.

Conservation Status of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming

Countryside Agency Designations

Nature Conservancy Trust (NCT) site NCTF 135 HA, located near Godalming in Surrey, has been designated under various Countryside Agency (CA) and Natural Environment White Paper (NEWP) schemes.

The site is classified as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which provides additional protection for its natural features and habitats.

Under the CA’s Landscape Protection Schemes, NCTF 135 HA has been designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) due to its unique and diverse range of flora and fauna.

The site has also been designated under the NEWP’s Sites of Nature Conservation Interest (SNCI), which recognizes areas of national importance for their natural features and habitats.

Specifically, NCTF 135 HA is classified as a National Nature Reserve (NNR) due to its exceptional botanical interest, with numerous rare and endangered plant species found within the site.

Additionally, the site has been designated under the CA’s Conservation Areas Scheme, which recognizes areas of outstanding natural beauty and historical or cultural significance.

NCTF 135 HA is also part of the Surrey Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which encompasses a larger area of high-quality countryside in south-east England.

The site has been assessed under the Habitats Directive, a European Union regulation that protects and conserves habitats of national importance.

• NCTF 135 HA provides habitat for several species protected by law, including the Natterjack Toad, Dartford Warbler, and Woodlark.
• The site’s diverse range of habitats supports a wide variety of flora and fauna, making it an important area for scientific research and study.
• NCTF 135 HA is also home to several rare geological features, including the Surrey Hills’ unique landscape of chalk hills and valleys.

Overall, NCTF 135 HA’s Conservation Status reflects its importance as a natural area of national significance, providing a range of habitats and ecosystems that support biodiversity and scientific research.

• The Countryside Agency has designated this area as part of a larger Site of Special Scientific Interest

The Conservation Status of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming is classified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) under the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000.

This designation is granted to areas of outstanding scientific interest, which may be due to their unique geological features, flora or fauna, or other natural characteristics.

In this case, NCTF 135 HA near Godalming has been identified as a key site for the conservation of its natural habitats and wildlife populations.

The Countryside Agency, which is now known as Natural England, designated this area as part of a larger Site of Special Scientific Interest in 2000.

This SSSI designation recognizes the area’s importance for scientific research and monitoring, and aims to protect it from any activities that could harm its natural features or wildlife populations.

The area itself is characterized by its unique landscape features, including ancient woodland, heathland, and wetlands, which support a diverse range of plant and animal species.

Many of the plants in this area are rare or endangered, including orchids, wildflowers, and mosses, which rely on the specific conditions of the site to survive.

The wildlife populations in NCTF 135 HA near Godalming also include several species of birds, bats, and insects that are rare or protected by law.

Examples of these species include the nightjar, woodlark, and sand lizard, which can be found breeding or roosting on the site.

The area’s unique geology is another key factor in its SSSI designation, with a range of rock types, including chalk, limestone, and sandstone, that provide habitats for plants and animals alike.

Additionally, the presence of ancient earthworks, such as the remains of an Iron Age hillfort, adds to the site’s scientific interest and importance.

The Countryside Agency works closely with other organizations, including landowners and local communities, to protect and conserve NCTF 135 HA near Godalming and its unique natural features.

This may involve implementing measures such as habitat restoration, species monitoring, and public education programs to raise awareness of the site’s importance and promote responsible land use practices.

As a result of these efforts, the Conservation Status of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming remains strong, with the SSSI designation helping to ensure the long-term protection and conservation of this unique and valuable area.

• This designation aims to protect the site’s natural features and wildlife habitats from development and human impact

National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTFC) designation NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, Surrey is a protected area that aims to preserve the site’s natural features and wildlife habitats from human impact.

The designation was created to conserve the unique and diverse flora and fauna of the site, which includes ancient woodland, grasslands, and wetlands.

The NCTF 135 HA near Godalming covers an area of approximately 50 hectares and is located in the heart of Surrey, near the town of Godalming.

The site’s natural features include a variety of woodlands, including oak, beech, and birch trees, which are some of the oldest and most mature in the country.

Grasslands and wetlands also dominate the landscape, providing habitat for a wide range of wildlife, including birds, insects, and small mammals.

The site is home to many species of plants and animals that are rare or endangered, making it an important location for conservation efforts.

The NCTF 135 HA near Godalming designation also protects the site’s geological features, including ancient streams, ponds, and rock formations.

Human impact, such as development, agriculture, and habitat destruction, pose a significant threat to the site’s natural features and wildlife habitats.

The designation aims to mitigate this impact by protecting the site from development and human activity, ensuring that the unique and diverse ecosystem of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming is preserved for future generations.

Conservation efforts at the site focus on maintaining the delicate balance between natural processes and human activity, including habitat management, species monitoring, and community engagement.

Local communities are actively involved in conservation efforts through education programs, volunteer groups, and events that promote awareness and appreciation of the site’s natural heritage.

The NCTF 135 HA near Godalming designation is a testament to the importance of protecting our natural environment and preserving its biodiversity for future generations.

By conserving this unique and diverse ecosystem, we can ensure the long-term health and sustainability of Surrey’s natural heritage, promoting ecological balance and supporting the well-being of both people and wildlife.

The site serves as an example of effective conservation planning, highlighting the importance of protecting our most vulnerable ecosystems and preserving their natural beauty for future generations to enjoy.

• The agency works in partnership with other authorities, such as Natural England, to conserve and manage the site

The National Trust for Forests, Fields and Heritages (NCTF) site NCTF 135 HA is located near the town of Godalming in Surrey, England.

This site has been identified as a High Level Priority Site under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, indicating its importance for conservation efforts.

The area is characterized by woodland and heathland habitats, with a variety of plant species found within its boundaries.

One of the main features of this site is its presence of ancient trees, including oak and beech species, which are considered to be of high conservation value.

The site also includes areas of scrubland and hedgerows, which provide habitats for a range of wildlife, including birds, reptiles, and insects.

Conservation efforts at this site focus on protecting and enhancing its natural habitats, as well as promoting the recovery of native plant species.

The Natural England partnership works closely with NCTF to conserve and manage the site, implementing measures such as habitat management plans and species surveys to ensure its long-term conservation.

Additionally, the agency collaborates with local authorities, landowners, and other stakeholders to promote sustainable land-use practices and reduce the impacts of human activity on the site’s biodiversity.

The partnership approach enables a more effective and efficient use of resources, ensuring that the site is protected for future generations to enjoy.

The conservation status of NCTF 135 HA near Godalming is considered to be High Priority due to its unique combination of habitats and species found within its boundaries.

As such, it receives regular monitoring and management activities from Natural England, which includes tasks such as habitat management, species surveys, and control measures to prevent invasive non-native species.

The partnership approach ensures that the site is managed in a way that balances human needs with conservation objectives, ensuring the long-term health and sustainability of this important area of woodland and heathland.

Through its collaboration with other authorities and stakeholders, Natural England is able to effectively conserve and manage NCTF 135 HA near Godalming, protecting its unique biodiversity and natural heritage for future generations.

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